萘是一種稠環(huán)芳香烴，是煤焦油中豐富的成分，通常由蒸餾煤焦油和從焦?fàn)t煤氣回收制得，由兩個(gè)稠合的苯環(huán)構(gòu)成。根據(jù)純度不同，萘可分為工業(yè)萘、精萘和甲基萘，其中工業(yè)萘純度較低，一般約為96%，工業(yè)萘經(jīng)提純脫除雜質(zhì)及脫硫等工藝后得到高純度的精萘。工業(yè)萘外觀為白色或微紅、微黃色片狀結(jié)晶，有特殊臭味，易揮發(fā)、升華。

Naphthalene is a kind of condensed ring Aromatic hydrocarbon, which is a rich component in Coal tar. It is usually made by distillation of Coal tar and recovery from coke oven gas, and is composed of two fused benzene rings. According to different purities, naphthalene can be divided into industrial naphthalene, refined naphthalene, and methyl naphthalene. Among them, the purity of industrial naphthalene is relatively low, generally about 96%. After purification, impurity removal, desulfurization, and other processes, industrial naphthalene obtains high-purity refined naphthalene. The appearance of industrial naphthalene is white or slightly red, slightly yellow crystalline flakes, with a special odor, easy to volatilize, and sublimate.

工業(yè)萘是重要的基礎(chǔ)化工原料，主要用于生產(chǎn)減水劑、精萘、苯酐、萘酚、萘胺、2，6 － 二烷基萘、2，6－ 萘二甲酸、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯( PEN)和H 酸等化工產(chǎn)品，是生產(chǎn)合成纖維、合成樹脂、增塑劑、橡膠防老劑、染料中間體、農(nóng)藥和醫(yī)藥等的原料。

Industrial naphthalene is an important basic chemical raw material, which is mainly used to produce chemical products such as water reducer, refined naphthalene, phthalic anhydride, naphthol, naphthylamine, 2,6-dialkyl naphthalene, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and H acid. It is also a raw material for the production of Synthetic fiber, synthetic resin, plasticizer, rubber antioxidant, dye intermediates, pesticides and pharmaceuticals.

1.用五氧化二釩和硫酸鉀作催化劑，硅膠作載體，于385-390℃用空氣氧化得到鄰苯二甲酸酐。在乙酸溶液中用氧化鉻進(jìn)行氧化，生成α-萘醌。加氫生成四氫化萘，進(jìn)一步加氫則生成十氫化萘。

1. With Vanadium(V) oxide and Potassium sulfate as catalysts, silica gel as carrier, Phthalic anhydride is obtained by air oxidation at 385-390 ℃. Oxidize with chromium oxide in acetic acid solution to generate α- Naphthoquinone. Hydrogenation generates Tetralin, and further hydrogenation generates Decalin.

在氯化鐵催化下，將氯氣通入萘的苯溶液中，主要得到α-氯萘。光照下與氯作用則生成四氯化萘。萘的硝化比苯容易，常溫下即可進(jìn)行，主要產(chǎn)物是α-硝基萘。萘的磺化產(chǎn)物和溫度有關(guān)，低溫得到α-萘磺酸，較高的溫度下，主要得到β-萘磺酸。

Under the catalysis of Iron(III) chloride, chlorine is introduced into the benzene solution of naphthalene to obtain α- Chloronaphthalene. Under light, it reacts with chlorine to form naphthalene tetrachloride. The nitration of naphthalene is easier than that of benzene and can be carried out at room temperature. The main product is α- Nitronaphthalene. The sulfonation products of naphthalene are temperature dependent and can be obtained at low temperatures α- Naphthalenesulfonic acid, mainly obtained at higher temperatures β- Naphthalenesulfonic acid.

2.萘的水溶性較小，而且不易被吸收，故其毒性不太強(qiáng)。吸入濃的萘蒸氣或萘粉末時(shí)，能促使人嘔吐，不適，頭痛。特別是損害眼角膜，引起小水泡及點(diǎn)狀渾濁，還能使皮膚發(fā)炎，有時(shí)還能引起肺的病理改變，還可損害腎臟，引起血尿，但沒有致癌性。

2. Naphthalene has low water solubility and is not easily absorbed, so its toxicity is not very strong. Inhaling concentrated naphthalene vapor or naphthalene powder can cause vomiting, discomfort, and headaches. Especially damaging the cornea, causing small blisters and punctate turbidity, can also cause skin inflammation, and sometimes pathological changes in the lungs. It can also damage the kidneys and cause hematuria, but it is not carcinogenic.

精萘廠家認(rèn)為其生產(chǎn)設(shè)備及容器應(yīng)密閉，防止蒸氣粉末外逸，操作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)。若發(fā)生中毒現(xiàn)象，要立即移至新鮮空氣處，多飲熱水，使之嘔吐，進(jìn)行人工呼吸，嚴(yán)重者送醫(yī)院治療。

The refined naphthalene manufacturer believes that its production equipment and containers should be sealed to prevent the escape of steam powder, and the operation site should be forced to ventilate. If poisoning occurs, immediately move to fresh air, drink plenty of hot water to make it vomit, undergo artificial respiration, and in severe cases, seek medical treatment.

3.穩(wěn)定性：穩(wěn)定

3. Stability: Stable

4.禁配物：強(qiáng)氧化劑（如鉻酸酐、氯酸鹽和高錳酸鉀等）

4. Prohibited compound: strong oxidant (such as chromic anhydride, Chlorate, Potassium permanganate, etc.)

5.聚合危害：不聚合

5. Polymerization hazard: non polymerization

工業(yè)萘的性質(zhì)與穩(wěn)定性相關(guān)信息就講解到這里了，歡迎您來我們網(wǎng)站http://www.gaozhifeng.com咨詢了解更多！

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