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常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答
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化學(xué)品著火怎么施救？
來(lái)源：http://www.gaozhifeng.com/ 日期：2020-09-02 發(fā)布人：admin
不能用水撲救的化學(xué)品是：
Chemicals that cannot be extinguished with water are:
1.堿金屬單質(zhì)
1. Alkali metal
堿金屬元素是位于元素周期表第一列的金屬元素：鋰、鈉、鉀、銣、銫、鈁的統(tǒng)稱(chēng)。這類(lèi)金屬單質(zhì)化學(xué)性質(zhì)非?；顫姡叵录纯膳c空氣中的氧氣發(fā)生反應(yīng)，在加熱條件下會(huì)發(fā)生劇烈燃燒，而且遇水會(huì)快速反應(yīng)生成氫氣并放出大量的熱，甚至?xí)細(xì)錃舛ā?/div>
Alkali metal elements are the general names of the metal elements in the first column of the periodic table: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. This kind of metal element has very active chemical properties. It can react with oxygen in the air at room temperature, and it will burn violently under heating conditions. Moreover, it will react rapidly with water to generate hydrogen and release a lot of heat, and even ignite hydrogen to explode.
2.電石
2. Calcium carbide
電石化學(xué)名稱(chēng)為碳化鈣，白色晶體，工業(yè)品為灰黑色塊狀物，是一種重要的基本化工原料，主要用于產(chǎn)生可燃?xì)怏w乙炔，本身不可燃，但遇水劇烈反應(yīng)，生成乙炔，并放出大量熱。乙炔易與空氣中的氧氣反應(yīng)放出大量的熱。
The chemical name of calcium carbide is calcium carbide, white crystal, and industrial product is gray black block. It is an important basic chemical raw material. It is mainly used to produce combustible gas acetylene, which is not combustible, but reacts violently with water to generate acetylene and emit a lot of heat. Acetylene is easy to react with oxygen in the air to release a lot of heat.
3.三乙基鋁
3. Triethyl aluminum
無(wú)色液體，主要用于有機(jī)合成，也用作火箭燃料?；瘜W(xué)性質(zhì)活潑，能在空氣中自燃，遇水反應(yīng)生成可燃?xì)怏w乙烷并放出大量熱，會(huì)引起爆炸。
Colorless liquid, mainly used in organic synthesis and as rocket fuel. It has active chemical properties and can spontaneously ignite in air. It reacts with water to produce combustible gas ethane and gives off a lot of heat, which will cause explosion.
4.密度比水小且不溶于水的易燃液體
4. Flammable liquid with less density than water and insoluble in water
比較常見(jiàn)的是汽油、煤油、苯以及廚房的植物油，這類(lèi)物品由于本身性質(zhì)密度比水小且不溶于水，燃燒時(shí)若用水撲救往往無(wú)效甚至?xí)?dǎo)致火勢(shì)蔓延。若家中少量植物油燃燒可用鍋蓋蓋滅。
Gasoline, kerosene, benzene and vegetable oil in the kitchen are more common. Due to their lower density than water and insoluble in water, when burning, water is often ineffective and even leads to fire spread. If a small amount of vegetable oil burning at home can be covered with pot cover.
以上介紹了部分不可用水撲救的化學(xué)品，由于這類(lèi)化學(xué)品的特殊性，撲救方法很復(fù)雜。若存放這類(lèi)化學(xué)品的倉(cāng)庫(kù)發(fā)生火災(zāi)，必須第一時(shí)間通知消防部門(mén)，并告知所儲(chǔ)存的化學(xué)品種類(lèi)及數(shù)量。
Some chemicals that cannot be put out with water are introduced above. Because of the particularity of these chemicals, the method of fighting is very complicated. In case of fire in the warehouse where such chemicals are stored, the fire department must be informed as soon as possible, and the type and quantity of chemicals stored shall be informed.
這些東西著火了，也不能用水撲救。
These things are on fire and cannot be put out with water.
1.食用油鍋。油鍋起火時(shí)，千萬(wàn)不能用水澆。因?yàn)樗龅綗嵊蜁?huì)形成“炸鍋”。使油火到處飛濺。撲救方法是，迅速將切好的冷菜沿邊倒入鍋內(nèi)，火就自動(dòng)熄滅了。另一種方法是用鍋蓋或能遮住油鍋的大塊濕布遮蓋到起火的油鍋上，使燃燒的油火接觸不到空氣缺氧而自熄。
1. Cooking oil pot. When the oil pan is on fire, never pour it with water. Because water will form a "frying pan" when it meets hot oil. Make the oil fire splash everywhere. To put out the fire, quickly pour the cold dishes into the pot along the edge, and the fire will automatically extinguish. Another method is to cover the oil pan on fire with a pot cover or a large piece of wet cloth that can cover the oil pan, so that the burning oil fire will not contact the air, and will extinguish itself due to lack of oxygen.
2.電器。電器發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，首先要切斷電源。在無(wú)法斷電的情況下千萬(wàn)不能用水和泡沫撲救，因?yàn)樗团菽寄軐?dǎo)電。應(yīng)選用二氧化碳、干粉滅火器或干沙土進(jìn)行撲救，而且要與電器設(shè)備和電線(xiàn)保持2米以上的距離。
2. Electrical appliances. In case of fire, cut off the power supply first. Never be able to use water and foam to save water without power failure, because water and foam can conduct electricity. Carbon dioxide, dry powder fire extinguisher or dry sand soil should be selected for fire fighting, and the distance from electrical equipment and wires should be more than 2 meters.
3.電腦著火應(yīng)馬上拔下電源，使用干粉或二氧化碳滅火器撲救。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)及時(shí)，也可以拔下電源后迅速用濕地毯或棉被等覆蓋電腦，切勿向失火電腦潑水，因?yàn)闇囟韧蝗幌陆?，也?huì)使電腦發(fā)生爆炸。
3. When the computer is on fire, the power should be pulled off immediately and the dry powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher should be used to put out the fire. If found in time, you can also unplug the power supply and quickly cover the computer with a wet carpet or quilt. Do not pour water on the computer on fire, because the sudden drop in temperature will also cause the computer to explode.
4.燃料油、油漆。燃料油或油漆起火時(shí)，應(yīng)用泡沫、干粉或1211滅火器具或沙土進(jìn)行撲救。
4. Fuel oil and paint. When fuel oil or paint is on fire, use foam, dry powder or 1211 fire extinguisher or sand to fight.
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